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Social and Community Medicine

Awards available PhD
DSc
MD
MSc by Research
Duration of programme PhD: three years full-time;
six years part-time
MD: two to five years part-time
MSc: one year full-time;
two years part-time
Number of places Approx 35

Programme overview

The School of Social and Community Medicine is a leading international centre for research and teaching of population health sciences. Our research is collaborative, multidisciplinary and diverse, spanning public health, health services research and epidemiology. Staff in the School are leaders in their fields and have extensive national and international research collaborations, with several providing health policy advice for government organisations and international bodies.

Our team includes a wide range of health care researchers including: statisticians, epidemiologists, geneticists, sociologists, psychologists, anthropologists, health economists, public health physicians, neuroscientists, and various community based physicians and nurses. This wide range of available skills contributes to an excellent working environment in which to undertake interdisciplinary research and teaching. We are keen to attract graduates from all the above disciplines to carry out postgraduate research.

A selection of fully funded PhD opportunities are available within the School. Through the Wellcome Trust, we have established a four-year PhD programme in Molecular, Genetic and Lifecourse Epidemiology. The MRC ConDuCT Hub offers three- and four-year PhD opportunities in medical statistics, health economics, qualitative methods, and trial management. MRC and University scholarships are also available for projects in any research area within the School. For further details please see the School website.

Research groups

Child and Adolescent Health

The Centre for Child and Adolescent Health is a joint initiative between the University of Bristol and the University of the West of England (UWE) which aims to promote the academic study of child health through interprofessional collaboration. It is staffed by a multi-professional team committed to research and teaching that makes a difference to paediatric practice, with an emphasis on the understanding of the current health problems of children and young people.

Our aim is to integrate research with teaching and policy development. Staff at the Centre include senior academics from UoB and UWE, research staff from both universities, and clinician-educators from North Bristol Trust (NBT), University Hospital Bristol Trust (UHBT) and Bath.

Our research is structured into two main themes:

  • Child development and disability, including complex health needs
  • Childhood and adolescent injury
Children and young people's participation and international child health are cross-cutting themes.

Epidemiology

The School's research programme includes life-course epidemiology (studying how exposures at different stages of the lifecourse interact to produce patterns of chronic disease) and clinical epidemiology (eg investigating the prognosis of HIV-infected patients starting antiretroviral therapy, using collaborative analyses of HIV cohort studies).

Major themes within epidemiology include:

  • Cancer (cancer screening, aetiology, diagnosis, prognosis, health services research and public health)
  • Cardiovascular disease (aetiology, prevention and management of cardiovascular conditions)
  • Infectious disease (modelling the way that infections are transmitted between individuals, including the ways in which the natural and social environments affect the emergence and spread of disease)
  • Mental health and neurodegeneration (eg common psychiatric disorders, suicide, psychosis, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease and related dementias)
  • Nutrition and metabolic disorders (aetiology and prevention of poor nutrition at a population level, including eating disorders, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia). Our findings from basic nutritional epidemiology are translated into clinical practice through the newly established Biomedical Research Unit.

Ethics in Medicine

The Centre for Ethics in Medicine is recognised internationally for its contributions to research and teaching on ethics in medicine and science. We run a variety of projects examining ethics in medicine, including large-scale projects funded by the European Commission and the National Institute for Health Research.

Our team works closely with colleagues from a range of disciplines in the University and beyond (including Law, Palliative Medicine, Psychiatry, Primary Care and colleagues working within the NHS). No formal divisions exist amongst the various research groups, although the Centre's main areas of interest and expertise are:

  • Educating and supporting healthcare professionals
    (Clinical ethics, research ethics, ethics education, professionalism)
  • Chronic illness, terminal illness and long-term care
    (End-of-life decision-making, older people, children and young people, psychiatry, health and social care policies)
  • Biotechnologies and biosciences
    (Genetics, human enhancement, reproductive medicine, human tissue, surgical ethics)

Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology

This programme uses genetic and epigenetic data from large cohort studies to investigate the molecular mechanisms of disease, to aid understanding of the relationships between life-course exposures and adult diseases, and to develop methods for disseminating and introducing these findings into practice.

Mendelian Randomisation is applied to investigate the potential causal role of environmental exposures in obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, CHD and common cancers, while genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are used to investigate the association between common genetic variants and a range of diseases and phenotypes. A range of other laboratory and bioinformatic approaches are also applied to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying human disease. Genome-wide data have been acquired for the ALSPAC cohort, and ongoing data generation include genome-wide sequencing (UK10k project), genome-wide methylation data (ARIES) and gene expression data. A number of other cohorts also have genetic data or DNA available for analysis.

Major themes within Genetic Epidemiology include:

  • Genome-wide association studies
  • Mendelian Randomisation
  • Epigenetics/epigenomics
  • Copy number variation
  • Next-generation sequence analysis
  • Bioinformatics
  • Population genetics
  • Systems biology
  • Laboratory-based genetic epidemiology

Health Services and Public Health Research

This programme involves the multidisciplinary investigation of the effectiveness, efficiency and acceptability of care through methodological and applied studies, and researchers in this area are actively engaged in influencing and contributing to improvements in health service and public health practice and policy decision-making.

One of our major strengths is the design and conduct of randomised controlled trials, with substantial research funding from the NIHR, research councils, charity and other sources. The School hosts:

  • The Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration (UKCRC-registered and NCRI-accredited);
  • The MRC-funded ConDuCT Hub (COllaboration and iNnovation in DifficUlt and complex randomised Controlled Trials);
  • The Centre for Public Health which hosts the DECIPHer Centre (a UKCRC Public Health Research Centre of Excellence) and our membership of the NIHR School for Public Health Research;
  • CReSyDa (The Centre for Research Synthesis and Decision-Making).

Our research also includes statistical and qualitative methods development, the conduct of high quality systematic reviews as well as development of systematic review methodology.

Major themes within Health Services and Public Health Research include:

  • Organisation and delivery of care
  • Systematic reviews
  • Evidence synthesis
  • Randomised controlled trials (RCTs)
  • Health economics
  • Statistical methods
  • Qualitative methods
  • Mixed methods research
  • Patient-reported outcomes
  • Improving the conduct of RCTs

Primary Care

The Centre for Academic Primary Care (CAPC) is one of the eight leading centres for primary care research in England which form the NIHR School for Primary Care Research (NSPCR).

This highly successful, multidisciplinary centre includes world class academics with a wide range of expertise, and conducts high quality research of practical benefit to the care of patients, and which helps to form the evidence base for the NHS. This includes addressing questions relating to clinical problems commonly managed in primary care (eg common infections, depression, domestic violence, addiction) and the organisation and delivery of care (eg avoidable hospital admissions, multimorbidity, and evaluation of new forms of care such as telehealth).

The Centre has an important role in developing research capacity in primary care through hosting studentships and fellowships funded by the NIHR and other funders. A close relationship with the local Primary Care Trust and emerging clinical commissioning groups has helped to ensure a strong research active culture in local general practices and an emphasis on research and evaluation of service innovations. CAPC has a strong identity, reinforced by monthly Centre meetings which are informal and constructive, allowing middle grade staff to present and discuss ideas and on-going research.

The Centre welcomes applications from individuals from a range of research backgrounds, eg health services research, economics, medical statistics, medical sociology, health psychology, and human geography as well as doctors, nurses or allied health professionals with relevant experience of primary care.

Psychiatry

The Centre for Mental Health, Addiction and Suicide Research currently numbers around 60 people, consisting of psychiatrists, psychologists, epidemiologists, social scientists, and administrative support staff. Our research involves investigating a wide range of biological, psychological and social factors and how they might influence the causation and course of psychiatric disorders. We receive substantial research funding from the MRC, Wellcome Trust and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). In addition to our strengths in randomised controlled trials, longitudinal studies and systematic reviews, we also carry out research using neuroimaging and pharmacological challenges. Our work on the patterns and health consequences of addiction also contributes to two MRC Addiction Research Clusters: NIQUAD and SUGAR.

We collaborate with other investigators within and outside of the University, including international colleagues in Europe, USA, and the developing world. There are several strong research lines in the Centre:

  • Epidemiology, especially longitudinal studies to investigate depression, anxiety, suicide, addictions and psychosis;
  • Randomised controlled trials, especially for the treatment of depression and anxiety in primary care;
  • Systematic reviews and meta-analyses, especially around interventions for common mental disorders;
  • Epidemiology and prevention of suicide and suicidal behaviour, resources for this research include the Bristol Self-Harm Surveillance Register (and associated Health Integration Team), CPRD-based pharmacoepidemiology studies, repeated measures of suicidal behaviour in ALSPAC;
  • Trajectories and consequences of substance use - alcohol, tobacco and cannabis - in adolescents and young people utilising ALSPAC with Marcus Munafo's Tobacco and Alcohol Research Group and linked to Multiple Risk Programme in DECIPHer and Alcohol theme of NIHR School of Public Health Research.
  • Epidemiology and prevention of consequences of heroin and injecting drug use - specifically blood borne infections - including modelling and assessing risk of Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B and HIV linked to Infection and Immunity; assessing natural history and mortality risk through analysis of Edinburgh Addiction Cohort and record linkage with other administrative cohorts; and Multiple Parameter Evidence Synthesis of drug related crime.
  • The Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis group is based in the Unit.

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Entry requirements

An upper second-class honours degree (or equivalent) and/or a relevant Master's qualification, and/or evidence of prior learning or achievement.

For information on international equivalent qualifications, please see our International Office website.

Admissions statement

Read the programme admissions statement for important information on entry requirements, the application process and supporting documents required.

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Key research interests

Professor Tony Ades, Methods for evidence synthesis in epidemiology and decision modelling.

Dr Tim Amos, Forensic mental health including homicide and violence linked to mental illness, suicide and self-harm, and risk assessment and management.

Professor Ricardo Araya, RCTs and epidemiological research on anxiety and depression; community, primary care and school interventions; mental health research in low- and middle-income countries.

Dr Suzanne Audrey, Adolescent health; health inequalities; qualitative research methods, process evaluation.

Professor Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Epidemiology of neurological disease; deprivation and health; equity and access to health care; lifecourse and adult disease; the health of carers.

Dr Kristina Bennert, Qualitative research methods; discourse analysis; improving doctor-patient communication; shared decision-making; decision support; perinatal mental health.

Dr Lucy Biddle, Sociology applied to health and healthcare, help-seeking behaviour and health services utilisation, young adults' mental health, suicide, bereavement, qualitative research methods.

Dr Peter Blair, Medical statistics; sudden death in childhood; infant care practices; sleep; weight gain; study design and methodology.

Professor Jane Blazeby, Patient-reported outcomes research with a particular focus on randomized trials in oncology and surgery; clinical decision-making in multi-disciplinary teams and developing systems to improve informed consent for surgery.

Dr Sara Brookes, Methodology of randomised controlled trials and the individualisation of treatments; methods of subgroup analyses and their interpretation; and n-of-1 or single patients trials.

Professor Rona Campbell, Adolescent health promotion and protection; evaluation of complex interventions to improve public health; use of quantitative and qualitative methods in public health and health services research; developing methods for synthesising qualitative research; smoking prevention and cessation; patient decision-making about end of life treatment and care; compliance with therapy.

Dr Rachel Churchill, Psychiatric epidemiology and quantitative research methods; the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders; systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized and nonrandomized studies; overviews of systematic reviews; Cochrane reviews; randomised controlled trials; evidence-based mental health and evidence-informed decision-making; health services research in general.

Dr Céire Costelloe, Antibiotic resistance in antibiotic use in primary care; infections, immunology and neuroimmunology; medical statistics.

Dr Helen Cramer, Qualitative and ethnographic methods; depression and anxiety; management of cardiovascular disease; gendered services; complementary and alternative health.

Dr Esther Crawley, CFS/ME in children.

Professor Ian Day, Genetic epidemiology at populational, family and molecular levels; studies of rarer sequence diversity of major importance to the individual; synthesis of molecular, informatic and statistical approaches in genetic epidemiology and application to problems of translational value in medicine.

Dr Zuzana Deans, Research ethics; ethics of genetics and reproductive technologies; normative/philosophical ethics; methodology in applied ethics; pharmacy practice ethics.

Dr Toity Deave, Fathers, child health and wellbeing.

Dr Sofia Dias, Bayesian evidence synthesis and meta-analysis in decision modelling; network meta-analysis (mixed treatment comparisons) and evidence consistency; infertility.

Professor Jenny Donovan, Social sciences applied to health and health services research (HSR); employing qualitative research methods in HSR and particularly challenging randomised controlled trials; combining qualitative and quantitative methods; perceptions and experiences of health and health care; concepts of health and illness; treatment of prostate cancer.

Dr Matthew Ellis, International child health.

Dr Pauline Emmett, Nutritional epidemiology

Professor Alan Emond, Child development; growth faltering; adolescent risk-taking.

Dr David Evans, Genome-wide association of complex traits and diseases; genetic epidemiology; genetical genomics; statistical methods of gene mapping; discovery of ankylosing spondylitis and osteoporosis genes via genome-wide association.

Dr Jonathan Evans, Primarily epidemiology; research into maternal mental health and child development (particular focus on antenatal depression); interventions to improve maternal depression and mother-child interactions; emotional processing, social cognition and mental health; suicide and self-harm epidemiology and psychological antecedents.

Professor Gene Feder, Domestic violence; primary care management of cardiovascular disease.

Professor Peter Fleming, Safeguarding; infant physiology; sleep disorders.

Dr Abigail Fraser, Lifecourse epidemiology of diabetes; cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and women's reproductive health.

Dr Tom Gaunt, Molecular genetics and genetic epidemiology of cardiovascular and metabolic disease; bioinformatic analyses of human genetic, genomic and genome-wide association study data.

Professor Jean Golding, Nutrition and neuro-cognitive development.

Professor David Gunnell, Epidemiology and prevention of suicide, self-harm and psychiatric disorders; suicide and self-harm by pesticide self-poisoning in developing countries; early life origins of psychiatric disorder.

Dr Willie Hamilton, Diagnosis of cancer in primary care; chronic fatigue syndrome.

Dr Alastair Hay, Diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of infections, infectious diseases and bacterial resistance to antibiotics in primary care.

Dr Alison Heawood, Qualitative research methods; patients' and health professionals' perspectives; risk perception and communication; complementary and alternative medicine.

Professor John Henderson, Epidemiology of respiratory conditions.

Professor Matthew Hickman, Public health surveillance and epidemiology; epidemiology and prevention of public health problems associated with injecting and problem drug use; use of infectious disease modelling; indirect estimation methods.

Dr Sandra Hollinghurst, Economics of primary care; economic evaluation.

Professor Will Hollingworth, The impact of illness and injury on the financial solvency of patients and their families; the diagnostic and therapeutic impact of medical imaging and its effect on patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness; patterns of and reasons for clinicians' adoption of emerging technologies and abandonment of obsolete technologies.

Dr Jeremy Horwood, Users' experience of health services; acceptability of clinical interventions; chronic illness; pain management; illness perceptions.

Dr Laura Howe, Socioeconomic inequalities; childhood obesity (risk factors, consequences and inequalities); lifecourse epidemiology of obesity and cardiovascular disease; childhood growth.

Dr Richard Huxtable, Health care law; end of life; clinical ethics; surgical ethics; paediatric ethics.

Dr Jenny Ingram, Breastfeeding; health service evaluation.

Dr Mona Jeffreys, Cancer epidemiology; inequality in cancer outcomes by deprivation and ethnicity; cancer screening; measuring equality in access to health care; breast cancer; breast density; HPV vaccination.

Dr Carol Joinson, Developmental psychology and adolescent depression.

Dr David Kessler, Common mental disorders in primary care.

Dr Judi Kidger, Young people's health behaviour; school-based health interventions; sexual health; peer education; early parenthood; young people's mental health; mixed methods research.

Dr Ruth Kippling, Public health research; obesity; young people?s health behaviour; school-based health interventions.

Dr Helen Lambert, Medical anthropology in and of public health; public understandings of biomedicine and heredity; issues of evidence in medicine and anthropology; sexual health and HIV prevention; medical pluralism; South Asia.

Dr Athene Lane, Methodology and conduct of randomized controlled trials; prostate cancer health services research; epidemiology of prostate cancer, especially dietary factors; gastroenterology and Helicobacter pylori; questionnaire design and implementation.

Professor Debbie Lawlor, Life-course and genetic epidemiology of insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and women's reproductive health.

Dr Sarah Lewis, Genetic epidemiology, in particular identifying genetic associations within multi-factorial diseases, and using genes as an epidemiological tool to elucidate mechanisms of complex diseases.

Dr Fiona MacKichan, Qualitative and multi/mixed method approaches; patient perspectives (especially over time); illness behaviour, lay/professional interface; ageing and health and well-being in older age; chronic pain.

Professor John Macleod, The evaluation of primary care interventions, particularly in the areas of sexual health, problem drug use and melioration of cardiovascular risk; life-course epidemiology and the epidemiology of health inequalities; epidemiology of problem drug use; psychological influences on physical health; data linkage and the use of population data repositories in epidemiology and health services research.

Dr Andrea Malizia, Application of neuroimaging to understand the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders; neurobiology of anxiety disorders.

Dr Alice Malpass, Qualitative methods including meta-ethnography; psychological interventions for women experiencing domestic violence; mindful based cognitive therapy for patients with respiratory illness and anxiety; patient-clinician decision making.

Professor Richard Martin, Aetiological epidemiology with particular interest in aetiology of cancer and cardiovascular disease; pharmacoepidemiology; early nutritional influences on later health; prostate cancer screening.

Dr Margaret May, Statistical methods for epidemiology and health services research; prognostic modelling and validation methods, particularly applied to HIV, cardiovascular disease and kidney failure; methods for longitudinal data analysis of cohort studies.

Dr Jan Melichar, Clinical psychopharmacology; clinical and healthy volunteer trials; addiction; affective disorders; taste; sensory neurosciences.

Dr Chris Metcalfe, The development of approaches to the evaluation of statistical methods in practical contexts; the development of statistical methods for outcome measures based upon recurrent events; the development of statistical methods and experimental design in cancer epidemiology, health services research, and psychotherapy research.

Professor Ruud ter Meulen, Care of the elderly; justice in health care; evidence-based medicine; research ethics.

Laura Miller, Epidemiology of speech and language development; generic epidemiological concepts; interest in mental health issues; statistical expertise.

Dr Sian Noble, Health economics; methodology of economic evaluations alongside randomised controlled trials with particular interest in trials relating to cancer.

Dr Amanda Owen-Smith, Priority setting in healthcare; qualitative research methods; obesity; mental health.

Professor Tim Peters, Medical statistics; health services research; risk assessment; effectiveness of health care interventions; cluster randomisation.

Dr John Potokar, Academic Liaison Psychiatrist; mood and medical illness; links between brain, mind and body including stress responses, immune and 5-HT function.

Dr Sarah Purdy, Prediction of unplanned hospital admission; shoulder pain; dermatology in primary care.

Dr Muireann Quigley, Bioethics and medical law: organ donation and transplantation; property in the body; uses of human biomaterials.

Professor Caroline Relton, Epigenetic epidemiology; molecular epidemiology, including laboratory-based analyses; methods to understand the causal role of epigenetic variation in development and disease.

Dr Matthew Ridd, Continuity of patient care; patient-doctor communication and longitudinal relationships; common mental health problems; diagnosis and management of skin problems commonly seen in primary care.

Dr Santiago Rodriguez, Genetic epidemiology, population genetics and molecular genetics; study of the influence that genetic factors have on complex risk traits for common human diseases from an evolutionary, epidemiological and functional point of view.

Professor Chris Salisbury, Improving primary health care delivery; new models of primary care; co-morbidity; core values of primary care (access, continuity, co-ordination, generalism).

Professor Deborah Sharp, Research methodology; women's health; mental health in primary care; primary/secondary interface; complementary and alternative medicine.

Professor George Davey Smith, Mendelian randomization; lifecourse influences on chronic disease in adulthood; genetic epidemiology.

Professor Jonathan Sterne, Clinical epidemiology of HIV and other sexually-transmitted infections, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, statistical methods for causal inference, epidemiology of asthma and allergy.

Dr Clare Thomas, Health psychology and health behaviour change; RCTs; qualitative methods.

Professor Kate Tilling, Lifecourse epidemiology and methods; childhood growth and its relationship to later outcomes; modelling PSA in men with prostate cancer; longitudinal/multilevel models; causal models.

Dr Nicholas Timpson, Genetic epidemiology and biological anthropology; genome-wide association of complex traits and diseases; Mendelian randomisation; discovery and use of genomic variation associated with common disease phenotypes and lifecourse events/trajectories including type 2 diabetes, 'metabolic syndrome', obesity/adiposity, blood pressure, growth, height, inflammation.

Professor Elizabeth Towner, Child and adolescent injury.

Dr Katrina Turner, Using qualitative research methods in health service research; qualitative studies nested within RCTs; depression, including postnatal and antenatal; childhood obesity.

Dr Julia Wade, Qualitative methods applied to RCT recruitment and participation (investigating informed consent processes, experiences of trial participation and experiences of prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment).

Dr Nicky Welton, Value of information methods for research prioritisation; multi-parameter evidence synthesis for decision modelling; network meta-analysis.

Dr Nicola Wiles, RCTs and epidemiological research on anxiety and depression.

Ms Cathy Williams, Paediatric opthalmology.

Dr Sue Wilson, Neurotransmitters and sleep in depression, anxiety, substance abuse; sleep disorders such as insomnia and parasomnia.

Dr Lesley Wye, End-of-life care; community nursing; quality indicators; complementary; commissioning; knowledge exchange/research implementation.

Dr Stanley Zammit, Psychoses, cannabis, schizophrenia including epidemiological and treatment studies.

Dr Luisa Zuccolo, Mendelian randomization, in particular applied to environmental/behavioural exposures and prostate cancer and health effects of alcohol consumption (including prenatal alcohol exposure).

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Apply online

Application deadline: Not fixed

Dr Esther Crawley with a young patient

Get in touch

Sharon O'Keefe
School of Social and Community Medicine
University of Bristol
Canynge Hall
39 Whatley Road
Bristol
BS8 2PR

Email: epzsok@bristol.ac.uk
Web: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/social-community-medicine/

International students

English-language requirements: 6.5 in all bands prior to attending a pre-sessional English language course, followed by successful completion of the course, or 7.0 in all bands, in addition to the standard entry requirements.

Find information for international students on eligibility, funding options and studying at Bristol.

Fees and funding

2014/15 fees

PhD/MD: Full-time UK/EU £3,939;
overseas £17,000 (lab-based); £28,900 (clinical)
MD students charged at UK/EU rate.
Fees quoted are provisional, per annum and are subject to annual increase.

Funding options

UK/EU students may apply for research council funding or University of Bristol Postgraduate Research Scholarships. Funding for overseas postgraduate students is limited. Further information on funding for prospective UK, EU and international postgraduate students is available from the Student Funding Office website.

Research Assessment Score

Units of Assessment 6 and 7 apply. See Complete RAE listings for University of Bristol for further details.

Student views

Sarah

The PhD supervision at the University is exceptional.

Sarah

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